分区命令

fdisk 分区

fdisk可用于查看硬盘分区情况，也可以使用fdisk进行分区。
选项：


1 2 3 4 5	-b SECTOR_SIZE：指定每个分区大小 -l:列出指定硬盘的分区情况 -s PARTITION:输出指定分区的大小，单位为块 -u:在列出硬盘分区情况的时候，使用块为单位列出分区大小而不是以柱面为单位 -v:显示版本信息

子选项：


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	p:print，显示已有分区 n:new，创建 d:delete，删除 w:write，写入磁盘并退出 q:quit，放弃更新并退出 m:获取帮助 l:列表所分区id t:调整分区id

partx 识别分区

**选项：


1 2 3 4 5	-a:通知内核重新读取硬盘分区表 -d:删除分区硬盘分区表信息 -l:列出分区 –type YTPE:指定分区类型 –nr M-N:指定分区范围

创建文件系统命令

mkfs 创建文件系统

选项：


1 2 3	-t TYPE:指定穿件的文件系统类型 -v:显示版本信息 -c:创建文件系统之前，先检查分区是否存在坏块

mkswap 创建交换分区

选项：


1 2	-c:创建交换分区之前，先检查分区是否存在坏块 -f:强制执行

挂载命令

mount 挂载分区

mount [-fnrsvw] [-t vfstype] [-o options] device dir
选项：


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25	-t vsftype:指定要挂载的设备上的文件系统类型 -r ：readonly，只读挂载 -w：read and write，读写挂载 -n：不更新/etc/fstab -a：自动挂载所有支持自动挂载的设备（定义在了/etc/fstab文件中，且挂载选项中有“自动挂载”功能） -L ‘LABEL’：以卷标指定挂载设备 -U ‘UUID’：以UUID指定要挂载的设备 -B，–bind：绑定目录到另一个目录上 -o options:挂载文件系统的选项 async：异步模式 sync：同步模式 atime/noatime:包含目录和文件 diratime/nodiratime:目录的访问时间戳 auto/noauto:是否支持自动挂载 exec/noexec:是否支持将文件系统上的应用程序运行为进程 dev/nodev:是否支持在此文件系统上使用设备 suid/nosuid； remount：重新挂载 ro：只读挂载 rw：读写挂载 user/nouser:是否允许普通用户挂载此设备 acl：启用此文件系统上acl功能 defaults：rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,and async

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

-t vsftype:指定要挂载的设备上的文件系统类型 -r ：readonly，只读挂载 -w：read and write，读写挂载 -n：不更新/etc/fstab -a：自动挂载所有支持自动挂载的设备（定义在了/etc/fstab文件中，且挂载选项中有“自动挂载”功能） -L ‘LABEL’：以卷标指定挂载设备 -U ‘UUID’：以UUID指定要挂载的设备 -B，–bind：绑定目录到另一个目录上 -o options:挂载文件系统的选项 async：异步模式 sync：同步模式 atime/noatime:包含目录和文件 diratime/nodiratime:目录的访问时间戳 auto/noauto:是否支持自动挂载 exec/noexec:是否支持将文件系统上的应用程序运行为进程 dev/nodev:是否支持在此文件系统上使用设备 suid/nosuid； remount：重新挂载 ro：只读挂载 rw：读写挂载 user/nouser:是否允许普通用户挂载此设备 acl：启用此文件系统上acl功能 defaults：rw,suid,dev,exec,auto,nouser,and async

umount 卸载分区

umount [-dflnrv] {dir|device}…
选项：


1 2 3 4 5 6 7	-a：卸除/etc/mtab中记录的所有文件系统； -h：显示帮助； -n：卸除时不要将信息存入/etc/mtab文件中； -r：若无法成功卸除，则尝试以只读的方式重新挂入文件系统； -t<文件系统类型>：仅卸除选项中所指定的文件系统； -v：执行时显示详细的信息； -V：显示版本信息。

swapon 启用交换分区

swapon [-f] [-p priority] [-v] specialfile…
选项：


1 2	-a ：激活所有的交换分区 -p PRIORITY：指定优先级

swapoff 禁用交换分区

swapoff [-v] specialfile…
选项：


1	-a：禁用所有的交换分区

步骤介绍

普通分区从创建以及挂载

查看硬盘以及分区情况


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27	[root@sg-pc /]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─vg_sgpc-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 17.6G 0 lvm / └─vg_sgpc-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk [root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help):

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

[root@sg-pc /]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─vg_sgpc-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 17.6G 0 lvm / └─vg_sgpc-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk [root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help):

使用fdisk对/dev/sdb硬盘划分分区，划分3个主分区，每个主分区5G大小，并且划分一个扩展分区，4G大小。


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90	[root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (655-2610, default 655): Using default value 655 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309): Using default value 1309 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Selected partition 4 First cylinder (1963-2610, default 1963): Using default value 1963 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): +2610 Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended Command (m for help): n First cylinder (1963-2610, default 1963): Using default value 1963 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): +2G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1963 2224 2104483+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

[root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (655-2610, default 655): Using default value 655 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309): Using default value 1309 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): +5G Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Selected partition 4 First cylinder (1963-2610, default 1963): Using default value 1963 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): +2610 Value out of range. Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended Command (m for help): n First cylinder (1963-2610, default 1963): Using default value 1963 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1963-2610, default 2610): +2G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1963 2224 2104483+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

将新划分的分区加载到硬盘分区表中，并查看分区状态


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25	[root@sg-pc /]# partx -a /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 3 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 4 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 5 [root@sg-pc /]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 512000 sda1 8 2 20458496 sda2 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 5253223 sdb1 8 18 5253255 sdb2 8 19 5253255 sdb3 8 20 1 sdb4 8 21 2104483 sdb5 253 0 18391040 dm-0 253 1 2064384 dm-1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

[root@sg-pc /]# partx -a /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 3 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 4 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 5 [root@sg-pc /]# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 512000 sda1 8 2 20458496 sda2 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 5253223 sdb1 8 18 5253255 sdb2 8 19 5253255 sdb3 8 20 1 sdb4 8 21 2104483 sdb5 253 0 18391040 dm-0 253 1 2064384 dm-1

为分区创建文件系统，这边就选择/dev/sdb1分区作为示例


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23	[root@sg-pc /]# mkfs -t ext4 -L ‘backup’ /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label=backup OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 328656 inodes, 1313305 blocks 65665 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1346371584 41 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8016 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

[root@sg-pc /]# mkfs -t ext4 -L ‘backup’ /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label=backup OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 328656 inodes, 1313305 blocks 65665 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1346371584 41 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8016 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

通过blkid命令，可以查看硬盘设备的信息


1 2 3 4 5 6 7	[root@sg-pc /]# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID=“5e605252-9e26-4ca0-b353-e3e6028bc6ca” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/sda2: UUID=“drR3Sx-Ht8g-nGFi-2vR3-CD3z-qSjY-PUXiye” TYPE=“LVM2_member” /dev/mapper/vg_sgpc-lv_root: UUID=“9ccc9289-ada6-48b8-82f1-42d2f7edba06” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/mapper/vg_sgpc-lv_swap: UUID=“9c4c6c97-b20d-4548-a249-8d98f6b400f1” TYPE=“swap” /dev/sdb1: LABEL=“backup” UUID=“4a7b5acb-fc24-446d-b9e0-a14afbe171d9” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/sdb2: LABEL=“myswap” UUID=“79f07b7d-c504-43c2-9e0f-87bee77d59b9” TYPE=“swap”

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

[root@sg-pc /]# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID=“5e605252-9e26-4ca0-b353-e3e6028bc6ca” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/sda2: UUID=“drR3Sx-Ht8g-nGFi-2vR3-CD3z-qSjY-PUXiye” TYPE=“LVM2_member” /dev/mapper/vg_sgpc-lv_root: UUID=“9ccc9289-ada6-48b8-82f1-42d2f7edba06” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/mapper/vg_sgpc-lv_swap: UUID=“9c4c6c97-b20d-4548-a249-8d98f6b400f1” TYPE=“swap” /dev/sdb1: LABEL=“backup” UUID=“4a7b5acb-fc24-446d-b9e0-a14afbe171d9” TYPE=“ext4” /dev/sdb2: LABEL=“myswap” UUID=“79f07b7d-c504-43c2-9e0f-87bee77d59b9” TYPE=“swap”

将创建完文件系统的分区挂载指定目录下

1 2 [root@sg-pc /]# mkdir /backup [root@sg-pc /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /backup/
检查分区挂载情况

可以看到/dev/sdb1已经被挂载到/backup目录下了。


1 2	[root@sg-pc /]# mkdir /backup [root@sg-pc /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /backup/

交换分区的创建与挂载

交换分区的创建与挂载步骤与普通分区一致，也是先划分分区，然后在分区上创建文件系统，接着是激活交换分区。因为交换分区与普通分区有一点不同，需要先调整分区的分区ID。

将/dev/sdb2分区作为交换分区，首先需要修改/dev/sdb2分区的分区ID


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64	[root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1963 2224 2104483+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext’d (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-5): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

[root@sg-pc /]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u’). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x179a39d6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 654 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 655 1308 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1309 1962 5253255 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1963 2610 5205060 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1963 2224 2104483+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext’d (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-5): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.

创建交换分区的文件系统

1 2 3 [root@sg-pc /]# mkswap -L ‘myswap’ /dev/sdb2 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5253248 KiB LABEL=myswap, UUID=fee42b41-d38f-498e-a27f-70a962734a26


1 2 3	[root@sg-pc /]# mkswap -L ‘myswap’ /dev/sdb2 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5253248 KiB LABEL=myswap, UUID=fee42b41-d38f-498e-a27f-70a962734a26

激活交换分区


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11	[root@sg-pc /]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 996 642 354 1 112 304 -/+ buffers/cache: 224 771 Swap: 2015 0 2015 [root@sg-pc /]# swapon -a /dev/sdb2 [root@sg-pc /]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 996 645 350 1 112 304 -/+ buffers/cache: 228 767 Swap: 7146 0 7146

分区开机自动挂载

上述的硬盘的分区都是在系统中临时挂载使用的，当系统重启的话，目前我们挂载的分区并不会自动挂载上去，又需要我们执行挂载的步骤，这样很不方便。如果我们需要硬盘分区在系统重启的时候也能自动挂载，我们需要将分区的配置写到/etc/fstab这个文件中。

/etc/fstab文件中每一行代表一个启动的时候需要自动挂载的硬盘分区。
每一行记录友6个字段组成，按照顺序分别为：

要挂载的设备
挂载点
文件系统类型
挂载选项
一般为defaults
转储频率
指的是备份频率，0表示不做备份，1表示每天做备份，2表示隔天做备份
自检次序
0表示不自检
1表示首先自检，数值越大自检次序越靠后。

示例

我们以上面划分的./dev/sdb1分区为例，将其设置为每次机器重启的时候都会将/dev/sdb1分区挂载到相应的挂载点。

在/etc/fstab文件中添加如图所示的一行，表示每次机器重启的时候，都会将/dev/sdb1分区挂载到/backup挂载点上，并且该分区的文件系统类型为ext4类型，挂载选项是defautls，不备份，不自检。